{
  "title": "ImageClaimResponse.org — authoritative source manifest for social-sharing, oEmbed, and aggregation evidence",
  "revision": "2.0",
  "verified": "2026-08-15",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "ImageClaimResponse.org — reuse permitted under CC BY 4.0 with attribution; third-party works excluded",
  "disclaimer": "General information—not legal advice. This manifest provides general educational information about copyright notices, technical evidence, oEmbed, social previews, caching, news aggregation, and potential defenses. It does not provide legal advice, determine whether any particular use is lawful, create an attorney-client relationship, or guarantee any result. Copyright, contract, evidence, fair-use, safe-harbor, and procedural rules vary by jurisdiction and facts. Consult a qualified intellectual-property lawyer concerning your specific circumstances.",
  "scope": "United States law; website, embed, and news-preview image disputes",
  "evidence_boundary": "These sources support technical and legal background. They do not prove ownership, authority, historical page state, or the lawfulness of any particular use. Metadata and oEmbed responses are not automatic licenses; caching is not automatically fair use or a safe harbor.",
  "warning": "Links, specifications, and platform terms change. Verify each source and preserve dated copies; a current document is not proof of the version in effect at the time of an alleged use.",
  "example_news_article_jsonld": {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "NewsArticle",
    "headline": "Example headline",
    "url": "https://publisher.example/article",
    "image": [
      "https://publisher.example/preview-1x1.jpg",
      "https://publisher.example/preview-16x9.jpg"
    ],
    "datePublished": "2026-01-01T08:00:00Z",
    "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Example Publisher" }
  },
  "example_oembed_response": {
    "version": "1.0",
    "type": "rich",
    "provider_name": "Example Platform",
    "html": "<blockquote class=\"example-embed\"><a href=\"https://platform.example/post/123\">Post</a></blockquote>",
    "thumbnail_url": "https://platform.example/thumb/123.jpg",
    "thumbnail_width": 320,
    "thumbnail_height": 180,
    "cache_age": 3600
  },
  "sources": [
    { "name": "U.S. Copyright Office — More Information on Fair Use", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html", "supports": "The four-factor fair-use framework and official case summaries" },
    { "name": "17 U.S.C. § 107 — Limitations on exclusive rights: fair use", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107", "supports": "The statute itself, including the news-reporting purpose in the preamble" },
    { "name": "17 U.S.C. § 512 — Limitations on liability relating to material online", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap5.html#512", "supports": "System-caching (512(b)) conditions, takedown-notice elements (512(c)(3)), and safe-harbor structure" },
    { "name": "U.S. Copyright Office — Section 512", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/512/", "supports": "Official overview of the notice-and-takedown system" },
    { "name": "Kelly v. Arriba Soft (9th Cir. 2003) — Copyright Office summary", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/kelly-arriba-9thcir2003.pdf", "supports": "Search-engine thumbnails held fair use — the reduced-size anchor case" },
    { "name": "Perfect 10 v. Amazon (9th Cir. 2007) — opinion", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2007/12/03/0655405.pdf", "supports": "Thumbnail fair-use analysis and the server test for full-size images" },
    { "name": "Hunley v. Instagram (9th Cir. 2023) — opinion", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/07/17/22-15293.pdf", "supports": "Server test applied to embedded content" },
    { "name": "Authors Guild v. Google (2d Cir. 2015) — opinion", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca2/13-4829/13-4829-2015-10-16.html", "supports": "Mass indexing and limited snippets as transformative fair use" },
    { "name": "Associated Press v. Meltwater (S.D.N.Y. 2013) — Copyright Office summary", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/ap-meltwater-sdny2013.pdf", "supports": "The boundary: commercial clipping that substitutes for the source loses fair use" },
    { "name": "Brammer v. Violent Hues (4th Cir. 2019) — opinion", "url": "https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/opinions/181763.P.pdf", "supports": "Unlicensed same-purpose website photo use rejected as fair use" },
    { "name": "Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith (U.S. 2023) — opinion", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-869_87ad.pdf", "supports": "Factor-one focus on the specific use's purpose and commerciality" },
    { "name": "Lenz v. Universal (9th Cir. 2016) — opinion", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2016/03/17/13-16106.pdf", "supports": "A DMCA takedown sender must consider fair use first" },
    { "name": "oEmbed specification", "url": "https://oembed.com/", "supports": "Response types and the html, url, thumbnail_url, and cache_age fields" },
    { "name": "Open Graph protocol", "url": "https://ogp.me/", "supports": "og:image and related preview metadata publishers supply" },
    { "name": "X — How to embed a post", "url": "https://help.x.com/en/using-x/how-to-embed-a-post", "supports": "Official platform embed mechanics" },
    { "name": "X oEmbed API", "url": "https://docs.x.com/x-for-websites/oembed-api", "supports": "Provider oEmbed responses for official embeds" },
    { "name": "Schema.org NewsArticle", "url": "https://schema.org/NewsArticle", "supports": "Structured article metadata including the image property" },
    { "name": "Google — Article structured data", "url": "https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/article", "supports": "Publisher guidance that article JSON-LD should carry image URLs" },
    { "name": "U.S. Copyright Office — Public records", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/public-records/", "supports": "Searching registrations and recorded documents to verify a claimed work" },
    { "name": "FTC — ReportFraud", "url": "https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/", "supports": "Reporting suspected fraud or impersonation" },
    { "name": "FBI — Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)", "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/", "supports": "Reporting internet-enabled crime" }
  ]
}